Piston



H. J. HO'UPERT July 8, 1924.

PISTON Filed Feb. 15, 1922 BY G7 lg Arm/ NEVA Patented July 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES HENRI J'THOUPEBT, E MAMARONECK, NEW YORK.

PISTON.

Application filed February 15, 1922. Serial No. 536,647.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, HENRI J. Hournn'r, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Mamaroneck, in the county of WV'estche-ster and State ofNew York, have invented a new and useful Piston, of which the followingis a specification.

The invention relates to pistons of internal combustion engines, and theobject is to provide a simple and efficient construction affordinguniversal pivotal movement between the piston and connecting rod,whereby numerous advantages in respect to manufacture, assembling andoperation are secured. The construction involves a pivoted yoke betweenthe piston and a wrist-pin in the end of the connecting-rod, the yokebeing pivoted to the piston on an axis at right angles to and offsetfrom the wrist-pin.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating a preferred embodiment of theinvention:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a piston embodying theinvention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section at right angles to Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a bottom plan, omitting the connecting rod and wrist-pin.

The head of the piston is marked 1 and the skirt 2, these parts beingpreferably made integral, though this may be otherwise. Owing to thenature of the connection between the piston and the connecting rod, theskirt can be machined inside as well as out, and the wall can be madeexceedingly thin, as shown.

The upper end of the connecting rod 3 is pivoted on a wrist-pin 4;,which can be of customary thickness, so that the piston isinterchangeable with one of ordinary construction, the connecting-rodbeing standard. The ends of this wrist-pin are not received in internalbosses on the skirt, as is usual, but in alined collars 5 formed on thelower ends of the arms 6 of a bridge or yoke 7 the head of theconnecting rod lying between these arms.

The yoke is formed centrally of its top with a transverse head 8 whichis turned down at the ends to form journals 9, constituting an upperpivot at right angles to the wrist-pin and offset therefrom. Thesejournals arereceived in spaced bearings 10 carried by the head of thepiston and close thereto. The yoke is thus capable of rockingrelatively-to the piston, in a plane at' right angles tothe main pivotalmovement of the connecting rod on the wrist-pin, the extent ofthesecondary rocking movement of the yoke being naturally slight.

V The bearings 10 have screw stems .11 ex-" tending upward through thehead of the piston, and are secured by nuts 12, which are sunk inrecesses 13 in the upper surface afforded by bosses 14:. Furthersecurity is afforded by riveting over the ends of the stems, as at 15.In this way, the bearings or connection on the piston for the upperpivot is constructed separate from the piston head, and means areprovided for attaching the same thereto; which is advantageous since itfacilitates assembling and avoids drilling through the skirt. Manifestlythe particular construction may be varied.

The collars 5 are preferably split at the bottom and formed withperforated lugs 16 for clamping screws 17, whereby the wrist-pin isheld.

With a piston made in accordance with my invention it will be evidentthat all side strain on the piston and cylinder walls is eliminated,with consequent reduction in wear. It also becomes unnecessary to squareor aline the pistons, which is very important with ordinary pistons andis frequently neglected. Since the inside of the cylindrical piston wallis entirely unobstructed, it can be machined all the way to the top, andbecause there is no strain on this wall, either lateral or longitudinal,all longitudinal strain being transmitted directly to and from the headof the piston to which the upper pivot is connected, the said wall canbe made very thin, as previously stated.

In operation the expansion is slight and uniform, due to the slight anduniform thickness of the wall, and consequently a very close fit ispossible. This in turn entirel'y eliminates piston-slap, tends toeliminate smoking, and makes possible the use of a lesser number ofrings than ordinarily (only one is shown), or the dispensing with thementirely. The wrist-pin being entirely enclosed, there is, of course, noopportunity for it to score the wall of the cylinder, and because of theintroduction of the second pivot at right angles the wear -on thewristpin is greatly reduced. Finally, the invention makes possible theproduction of cast iron pistons which are near. in weight to aluminum,with all the wearing qualities of cast-iron.

It Will be understood that I do not limit myself to the preciseembodiment illustrated and that there may be changes in form,proportions and details.

What I claim as new is: p

1. In an internal combustion engine and in combination with aconnecting-rod and a wrist-pin in the end of said connecting-rod, apiston within which said wrist-pin is enclosed, a yoke engaging the endsof the wrist-pin and embracing the end of the connecting-rod, and apivot connecting said yoke with the piston above and at right angles tothe wrist-pin.

2. In an internal combustion engine and in combination witlraconnectingrod and a 'wrist pin in the end of said connecting rod, apiston Within which said wrist-pin is enclosed, a yoke engaging the endsof the wrist-pin and embracing the end of the connecting rod, said yokehaving journals forming a pivot above and at right angles to thewrist-pin pivot, and bearings on the interior of the head of the pistonreceiving said journals.

HENRI J. noin nn'ii

